Rome '08 Workshop
Preface
Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon
Workshop Chairman and Founder
Italian Defense Minister Ignazio La Russa’s Patronage of the 25th International Workshop. At the invitation of Italian Defense Minister Ignazio La Russa, this year’s 25th anniversary meeting of the International Workshop on Global Security was held in Rome, Italy, on 20–22 June 2008, at the Grand Hotel Parco dei Principi, Castel Sant’Angelo and Palazzo Barberini. We greatly appreciate Minister La Russa’s personal support and contributions as patron of the 25th anniversary workshop and as an opening keynote speaker. We also would like to acknowledge the support of Italy’s former Chief of General Staff, Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola, who assumed the chairmanship of the NATO Military Committee—NATO’s highest military position—a few days after the workshop. In addition, we appreciate the outstanding support of General Vincenzo Camporini, who succeeded Admiral Di Paola as Italy’s Chief of General Staff. Both Admiral Di Paola and General Camporini gave significant opening addresses and contributed to the workshop as honorary chairmen. Moreover, they both have been involved in this series of annual workshops for nearly a decade, as participants and as major speakers.
Vatican Museum, Sistine Chapel, Castel Sant’Angelo, and Palazzo Barberini. We greatly enjoyed the private visit to the Vatican Museum and its world-famous Sistine Chapel as well as the reception and dinner that followed at the Castel Sant’Angelo, with its spectacular view of the entire city of Rome. On the final day of the workshop, the Italian Ministry of Defense hosted an evening at the Palazzo Barberini, which included a private visit to the museum’s famous art collection, a dinner presided over by NATO’s Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Transformation, Admiral Luciano Zappata, and a reception in the Barberini Gardens.
Keynote Speaker of the 25thAnniversary Workshop. We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of other principal speakers, including British Defense Minister the Rt Hon Des Browne, Turkish Defense Minister Vecdi Gönül, Georgian Vice Prime Minister Giorgi Baramidze, Finmeccanica’s COO Giorgio Zappa, and NATO’s former Supreme Allied Commander Europe General George Joulwan, who led a dinner debate again this year. Because of the interest in and the significance of the many remarks by participants in the dinner debate, we transcribed the debate and published it in the introductory pages of this book.
Italian Defense Ministry Organizing Committee. The contributions of the Italian Ministry of Defense, especially those of Brig. Gen. Filippo Ferrandu, who was our coordinator for all organizational and logistic questions, including the organization of the Palazzo Barberini dinner, are gratefully acknowledged. Other key Italian military officials who assisted with organization and planning were Lt. Col. Fernando Barletta, on the personal staff of Admiral Di Paola, and Vice Admiral Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte, Italy’s Permanent Military Representative to the NATO Military Committee.
Italy also contributed important workshop speakers and session leaders, including NATO’s Deputy Secretary General Claudio Bisogniero, who chaired a major panel; Ambassador Stefano Stefanini, Italy’s Permanent Representative on the North Atlantic Council (who contributed to that same panel); Rear Admiral Luciano Callini, President, Centro Alti Studi per la Difesa (CASD); Dr. Stefano Silvestri, President, Istituto Affari Internazionali; and Major General Claudio Tozzi, Head of 3rd Department, Armaments Policy, Italy’s Secretariat General/National Armaments Director. At Finmeccanica, we would like to thank COO Dr. Giorgio Zappa for his opening workshop address, as well as additional support, which is mentioned below.
Principal Sponsors of the Workshop. We gratefully acknowledge the principal sponsors of the 25th International Workshop:
- The Italian Ministry of Defense, with the patronage of Defense Minister Ignazio La Russa
- Alenia Aeronautica, a Finmeccanica Company
- Northrop Grumman Corporation
- Microsoft Corporation
- The U.S. Department of Defense (Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics; Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration; Office of the Director of Net Assessment in the Office of the Secretary of Defense; Defense Threat Reduction Agency)
- Center for Strategic Decision Research, which instituted the workshop series and has presented workshops annually for 25 years.
Alenia Aeronautica. At Alenia Aeronautica S.p.A., we appreciate the support and principal sponsorship provided by CEO Ing. Giovanni Bertolone. We are also grateful for the long-term interest and encouragement of Ing. Dr. Giorgio Zappa, now COO of Alenia’s parent company, Finmeccanica, as well as for his personal participation and the important address he gave during the workshop’s opening session. We also wish to recognize the contributions of Mrs. Palmira Rotolo, Alenia Aeronautica’s head of international relations, for her tireless coordination of Alenia Aeronautica’s participation in the workshop, especially the Sistine Chapel visit and dinner at Castel Sant’Angelo.
Northrop Grumman. After many years as a leading supporter of the International Workshops, this year Northrop Grumman was a principal sponsor for the fifth time. Under the leadership of Northrop Grumman executives Mr. William Ennis, Mr. Joseph Penarczyk, Mr. Timothy Shephard, and Mr. James Heath, Northrop Grumman helped us broaden and strengthen the workshop’s senior military dimension and added greatly to the discussion of Alliance transformation and network-centric operations (including Allied Ground Surveillance).
Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft was a principal sponsor of the workshop for the third time, corresponding to the recent establishment of a Microsoft corporate element supporting military, national security, police, and fire department customers worldwide. Mr. Tim Bloechl, Executive Director, Microsoft Worldwide National Security and Defense, was the leading industry representative on information technology, and we were also delighted to welcome Mr. Daniel Maly, Director for Public Safety and National Security (Central and Eastern Europe); Lieutenant General Mike McDuffie (Ret.), Vice President, U.S. Public Sector Services; Mr. Wayne Philips, Director for Worldwide Defense Solutions; and Mr. Ralph Young, Vice President, Worldwide Public Sector.
Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics. In the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense, we are grateful for the advice and support of Mr. Alfred Volkman, who developed and chaired the panels on international cooperation over the last several years. We appreciate as well the support of Mr. Roger Golden and Ms. Mary Miller, and the efficient assistance of Ms. Rita Bidlack.
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Networks and Information Integration). Through the assistance of Assistant Secretary of Defense John Grimes, Deputy Assistant Secretary Robert Lentz, and Mr. Tim Bloechl (now at Microsoft), network-centric operations have become an increasingly important component of the International Workshops, and we thank these officials for their work.
Office of the Director of Net Assessment. Since the beginning of this workshop series almost 25 years ago, the Director of Net Assessment in the U.S. Department of Defense, Mr. Andrew Marshall, has sponsored the activities of our organization. Ms. Rebecca Bash, also in the Office of the Director of Net Assessment, reviewed this report prior to publication, and we were delighted that she was also able to participate in this year’s workshop for the first time, after so many years of assistance and support. We appreciate Net Assessment’s support over the years and the very helpful advice and assistance we have been given.
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). At DTRA, we are grateful for the many contributions of Colonel Robert Dickey and especially the agency’s director, Dr. James Tegnelia, who participated actively in the workshop sessions again this year. We would also like to thank Dr. Arthur T. Hopkins, Principal Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs, for his encouragement and very effective advice, as well as Mr. Michael Evenson, Deputy Director for Combat Support, for his significant contributions to the very high-level panel that DTRA assembled for this year’s workshop. Mr. Hank Keese represented the DTRA Field Office in Belgium. All of the DTRA efforts were very effectively coordinated by Colonel Bob Dickey, Senior Strategic Planner-Operations Enterprise at DTRA.
Major Workshop Sponsors
Lockheed Martin Corporation. Dr. Scott Harris, Lockheed Martin’s President for Continental Europe, has contributed to the workshop for many years, both as a participant and as a speaker. This year, he was joined by Mr. Mesut Ciceker of Lockheed Martin’s Rome office, and we are grateful to them both.
EADS. We greatly appreciate the interest and assistance of a number of senior executives at EADS, especially Mr. Louis Gallois, EADS CEO; Dr. Thomas Enders, Airbus CEO; Mr. Marwan Lahoud, COO of EADS (who welcomed us with an address at the Musée Jaquemart-André during last year’s Paris workshop); Dr. Stefan Zoller, President and CEO of EADS Defence and Communications Systems; Professor Dr. Holger Mey, head of Customer Relations in Defense and Security Systems; Mr. Thomas Homberg, EADS Sr. Vice President for Corporate Strategy and Planning; and Mr. David Oliver, President and CEO, EADS North America Defense. Although he was not able to participate in the workshop this year, Admiral Jean Betermier, Senior Advisor to the EADS CEO, was a vital contributor to all phases of workshop planning.
Thales. Senior Vice President Edgar Buckley, whose workshop participation and address we appreciate, brought to the workshop discussions his experience not only at Thales but as a former NATO Assistant Secretary General.
AFCEA. Thanks to the continued interest and support of Mr. Kent Schneider, AFCEA joined the workshop for the first time this year as a major sponsor. We appreciate Mr. Schneider’s workshop participation and address, as well as the participation of his colleagues, Lieutenant General John Dubia and Ms. Becky Nolan.
MITRE Corporation. We would like to thank MITRE for its sponsorship of the workshop over the last two decades, and also appreciate the participation of Mr. Raymond Haller, Mr. William Knickerbocker, and Mr. Peter Sherlock at this year’s event.
Workshop Patrons, Advisors, and Participants
Workshop Patrons and Honorary Chairmen. We deeply appreciate the encouragement and support we received from our workshop patrons and general chairmen:
His Excellency Ignazio La Russa, Minister of Defense of Italy (Workshop Patron and Keynote Speaker, 2008)
His Excellency Hervé Morin, Minister of Defense of France (Workshop Patron, 2007)
His Excellency Franz Josef Jung, Minister of Defense of Germany (Workshop Patron and Keynote Speaker, 2006)
Her Excellency Michèle Alliot-Marie, Minister of Defense of France (Patron, 2005, 2007; Keynote Speaker, 2005)
His Excellency Peter Struck, MdB, Minister of Defense of Germany (Keynote Speaker, 2004)
His Excellency Rudolf Scharping, Minister of Defense of Germany (Patron and Keynote Speaker, 2000, 2002)
His Excellency Aleksander Kwaniewski, President of Poland (Patron, 1996; Keynote Speaker, 1996–98, 2000, 2002)
His Excellency Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (Patron, 1997; Keynote Speaker, 1996, 1997)
His Excellency Arpád Göncz, President of Hungary (Workshop Patron and Keynote Speaker, 1999)
His Excellency Jan Trøjborg, Minister of Defense of Denmark (Workshop Patron, 2001)
His Excellency Dr. Werner Fasslabend, Minister of Defense of Austria (Patron and Keynote Speaker, 1998)
His Excellency Volker Rühe, Minister of Defense of Germany (Workshop Patron, 1995)
General George Joulwan, former Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (Honorary General Chairman, 1994–1997)
Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola,Chairman of NATO Military Committee (Honorary Chair, Keynote Speaker, 2008)
General Vincenzo Camporini, Chief of General Staff of Italy (Honorary Chairman, Keynote Speaker, 2008)
General James Jones, Supreme Allied Commander Europe (Keynote Speaker, 2004, 2006, 2007)
General Henri Bentegeat, Chairman of the EU Military Committee, former Chief of General Staff of France (Keynote Speaker, 2007)
General John Shalikashvili, Supreme Allied Commander Europe (Keynote Speaker, 1993)
Advisory Board. For helping to shape the workshop agenda with their guidance and ideas, our Board of Advisors deserves warm thanks. Our advisors are:
His Excellency Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania
Ing. Giovanni Bertolone, CEO, Alenia Aeronautica S.p.A.
Admiral Jean Betermier, Senior Advisor to the CEO, EADS
Mr. Tim Bloechl, Managing Director Worldwide Public Safety and National Security, Microsoft
Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola, Chairman of NATO Military Committee, former Italian Chief of Staff
His Excellency Mikulas Dzurinda, former Prime Minister of Slovakia
The Honorable Gordon England, United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
His Excellency Dr. Werner Fasslabend, former Defense Minister of Austria
His Excellency Vecdi Gönül, Defense Minister of Turkey
General George A. Joulwan (Ret.), former Supreme Allied Commander, Europe
Ambassador Mahmoud Karem, Egyptian Ambassador to the European Union
Ambassador Karel Kovanda, European Commission Deputy Director General
His Excellency Linas Linkevicius, Lithuanian Permanent Representative to NATO
His Excellency Fatmir Mediu, former Minister of Defense of Albania
Ambassador Jaromir Novotny, Ambassador of the Czech Republic to Japan
Ambassador Marc Perrin de Brichambaut, Secretary General, OSCE
Dr. Andrey Piontkovskiy, Director, Strategic Studies Center, Moscow
Ing. General Robert Ranquet, French Defense Ministry
Vice Admiral Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte, former Italian Military Representative to NATO Military Committee
Mr. Kent Schneider, President, AFCEA International
His Excellency Borys Tarasyuk, former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine
His Excellency Dr. Alexandr Vondra, Vice Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
Ing. Dr. Giorgio Zappa, COO of Finmeccanica and Chairman of Alenia Aeronautica
Participants in the 25th International Workshop. This year, delegates from more than 30 countries as well as representatives from the U.N., NATO, the EU, OPCW, and NATO’s PfP and Mediterranean Dialogue joined the workshop. We appreciate their active involvement with the workshop agenda, themes, and speakers and their interest in participating in workshop discussions. The participants were:
His Excellency Jaak Aaviksoo, Estonian Minister of Defense
Ms. Renée S. Acosta, President and CEO, Global Impact
Ambassador Munir Akram, Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations (at the time of the workshop)
Ambassador Iraklis Asteriadis, Director, D2 Directorate NATO/WEU, Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Colonel Adil Ayaz, Office of Turkish Minister of Defense
Air Chief Marshal Sir Anthony Bagnall GBE KCB, Former United Kingdom Vice Chief of Defence Staff
State Secretary Jozsef Bali, Hungarian Ministry of Defense
His Excellency Giorgi Baramidze, Vice Prime Minister of Georgia
Colonel Kemal Basak, Chief of Cabinet, Turkish Ministry of Defense
Ms. Rebecca Bash, Office of the Director, Net Assessment
Ms. Anne D. Baylon, Co-Director, Center for Strategic Decision Research
Mr. Joseph Benkert, U.S. Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Security Affairs
Ambassador-at-Large Grigory V. Berdennikov, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation
Ambassador Claudio Bisogniero, NATO Deputy Secretary General
Mr. Tim Bloechl, Managing Director, Worldwide Public Safety & National Security, Microsoft Corporation
Ambassador Davor Bozinovic, Croatian Ambassador to NATO
The Rt. Hon. Des Browne MP, United Kingdom Secretary of State for Defence
Dr. Edgar Buckley, Senior Vice President, Thales
Lieutenant General Evgeniy Buzhinsky, Russian Ministry of Defense
Rear Admiral Luciano Callini, President, Centro Alti Studi per la Difesa (CASD)
General Vincenzo Camporini, Chief of General Staff of Italy
Ms. Marie-Jeanne Capuano, EuroFuture/Aspect Consulting
Mr. Enzo Casolini, Vice President of Alenia Aeronautica
Ambassador Georgiy Chernyavskyi, Ukrainian Ambassador to Italy
Ambassador Vladimir Chizhov, Russian Ambassador to the EU
Mr. Mesut Ciceker, Lockheed Martin
Commander Jeffrey Cima, Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Security Affairs
Mr. Davor Cutic, Director of International Defense Cooperation, Croatian Ministry of Defense
Ambassador Franciskus Baron van Daele, Belgian Ambassador to NATO
Colonel Robert Dickey (Ret.), Defense Threat Reduction Agency
Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola, Chairman of NATO Military Committee, former Chief of Defense of Italy
Lieutenant General John Dubia (Ret.), Executive Vice President, AFCEA International
Mr. Richard Ekwall, Chief of Staff, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
Ambassador Stewart Eldon CMG OBE, British Ambassador to NATO
Mr. William Ennis, Northrop Grumman International Inc.
Rear Admiral Nadir Hakan Eraydin, Chief of Plans and Policy, Turkish Ministry of Defense
Dr. Werner Fasslabend, President, Political Academy of Austrian Peoples’ Party, former Austrian Minister of Defense
Brigadier General Filippo Ferrandu, Italian Ministry of Defense
Admiral Mark P. Fitzgerald, Commander, Allied Joint Force Command Naples and U.S. Navy Europe
Assistant Secretary General Peter Flory, NATO Assistant General for Defense Investment
Captain (Navy) Valentin Gagashev, Chief of Strategic Planning Directorate, Bulgarian General Staff
His Excellency Vecdi Gönül, Minister of Defense of Turkey
Mr. Darko Göttlicher, Deputy Head, Counter-Terrorism, Croatian Interior Ministry
The Honorable John G. Grimes, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration (CIO)
Mr. Raymond Haller, Senior Vice President (C2C), MITRE Corporation
Dr. Scott Harris, President, Continental Europe, Lockheed Martin
Mr. James Heath, Northrop Grumman/Electronic Systems Sector
Ms. Melissa Hento, Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Security Affairs
Mr. Thomas Homberg, Corporate Vice President, Strategic Coordination, EADS
Dr. Edward Ifft, Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University
Ambassador Tacan Ildem, Turkish Ambassador to NATO
Ambassador Kire Ilioski, Macedonian Ambassador to NATO
Ambassador Robert Joseph, former U.S Under Secretary of State
General George Joulwan (Ret.), former Supreme Allied Commander, Europe
Ambassador Dr. Mahmoud Karem, Egyptian Ambassador to the European Union
Mr. Henry Keese, DTRA Field Office, Belgium
Mr. William E. Knickerbocker, MITRE Corporation, Belgium
Mr. Batu Kutelia, Georgian First Deputy Minister of Defense
His Excellency Ignazio La Russa, Minister of Defense of Italy
General Karl-Heinz Lather, Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers of Europe
Deputy Assistant Secretary Robert Lentz, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (NII)
Ambassador Kirsti Lintonen, Permanent Representative of Finland to the United Nations
Ambassador Juri Luik, Estonian Permanent Representative to NATO
Ms. Carmen Maccarone, Northrop Grumman Italia S.p.A.
Mr. Daniel Maly, Microsoft, Director for Public Safety and National Security (Central and Eastern Europe)
Lieutenant General Mike McDuffie (Ret.), Vice President, U.S. Public Sector Services, Microsoft
Professor Dr. Holger Mey, Vice President, EADS Defense & Security Systems
Mrs. Mary Miller, International Programs Manager, U.S. Department of Defense (AT&L)
Mr. Giovanni Morelli, Director, Business Development, Northrop Grumman Italia
Ms. Becky Nolan, Executive Vice President, AFCEA International
Mr. Renatas Norkus, Lithuanian Undersecretary for International Relations and Defence Policy
Ambassador Jaromir Novotny, Czech Ambassador to Japan
Capt. Dirk Oehmichen-Dau, SHAPE
Mr. J. David Patterson, formerU.S. Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)
Mr. Joseph Penarczyk, Vice President, Northrop Grumman IT Global
Ambassador Rogelio Pfirter, Director General, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
Mr. Wayne Phillips, Microsoft, Director Worldwide Defense Solutions
Ing. Gen. de l’Armement Robert Ranquet, Deputy Director, Strategic Affairs, French Defense Ministry
The Honorable John Rood, U.S. Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs
Lieutenant General K. E. Rosgaard, Special Representative of the Chief of Defense Denmark
Mrs. Palmira Rotolo, Alenia Aeronautica S.p.A
Ambassador Jean-Marc de la Sablière, Ambassador of France to Italy and former Ambassador to the United Nations
Vice Admiral Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte, Italian Military Representative to NATO
Mr. William Schmieder, Vice President International, General Dynamics
Mr. Kent Schneider, President and CEO, AFCEA International
General Rainer Schuwirth, former Chief of Staff, SHAPE
Ambassador Jiri Šedivy, NATO Assist. Secretary General for Defense Policy & Planning
Mr. Timothy Shephard, Regional Vice President, Northrop Grumman/Electronics Systems Sector
Mr. Peter Sherlock, MITRE Corporation
Dr. Stefano Silvestri, President, Istituto Affari Internazionali
Mr. Don Sinclair, Director General, International Security, Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade
Brigadier General Matthaios Skouras, Dir. of Analysis, Military Intelligence Joint Directorate, Hellenic Defense Gen. Staff
Lieutenant General James Soligan, Deputy Chief of Staff for Transformation, Allied Command Transformation
Mr. Fred Spivey, Defense Consultant
Ambassador Stefano Stefanini, Italian Ambassador to NATO
Mr. David Swindle, President, IAP Worldwide Services
His Excellency Borys Tarasyuk, Former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine and Chairman, Committee on European Integration, Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian Parliament)
Brigadier General Jean-Sébastien Tavernier, French Defense Attaché, Rome
Dr. James A. Tegnelia, Director, Defense Threat Reduction Agency
Her Excellency Eka Tkeshelashvili, Georgian Minister of Foreign Affairs
Major General Claudio Tozzi, Head of 3rd Department, Office of the Italian National Armaments Director
Brigadier General Algis Vaiceliunas, Chief of Joint Headquarters, Lithuanian Army
Mr. Alfred Volkman, Director for International Cooperation, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense
Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon, Workshop Chairman, Co-Director, Center for Strategic Decision Research
Ambassador Boguslaw W. Winid, Polish Permanent Representative to NATO
Lieutenant General Ulrich Wolf, Director, NATO CIS Service Agency
Mr. Patrick Worms, Aspect Consulting
Mr. Ralph Young, Vice President,Microsoft, Worldwide Public Sector
Ambassador Youcef Yousfi, Algerian Permanent Representative to the United Nations (at the time of the workshop), former Foreign Minister of Algeria (and currently the Algerian Ambassador to Tunisia)
Dr. Giorgio Zappa, Chief Operating Officer (COO), Finmeccanica and Chairman, Alenia Aeronautica
Admiral Luciano Zappata, NATO Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Transformation
Major General ZHAN Maohai, Vice Chairman of the China Institute of Intl. Strategic Studies, Former Dir. General of Foreign Affairs, Chinese Defense Ministry
Dr. Stefan Zoller, CEO, EADS Defence &Security
Workshop International Staff
Caroline Baylon, CSDR staff director
Dr. Ania Garlitski, M.D., Tufts-New England Medical Center
Jean Lee, CSDR workshop photographer/graphic designer
Montse Morell, Ph.D., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Eugene Whitlock, J.D., CSDR staff
Observers
Mr. David Hogan-Hern, Private Office of the British State Secretary for Defence
Ms. Sue Hutchinson, Private Office of the British State Secretary for Defence
Mr. Irakli Chitadze, Office of Georgian Vice Prime Minister
Colonel Lorenzo D’Addario, Office of Deputy Supreme Allied Command Transformation
Commander John Hottendorf, ACT
Lieutenant Colonel Giovanni Travaglini, Allied Joint Force Command, Naples
Lieutenant Colonel Matesic, Croatian Defense Attache
Major Olmar Colbert, Defense Threat Reduction Agency
Major Paolo Frare, Office of Deputy Supreme Allied Command Transformation
CPT Patrick Malone, Allied Joint Force Command, Naples
Master Sergeant Funke, SHAPE
Mr. Chuck Humenansky, Allied Joint Force Command, Naples
Mr. Kristopher Stanton, Allied Joint Force Command, Naples
Mr. Joseph Zappala, Defense Threat Reduction Agency
Acknowledgments: Vatican Museum and Sistine Chapel, Castel Sant’ Angelo, Palazzo Barberini, Grand Hotel Parco dei Principi, Workshop International Staff
Vatican Museum, Raphael’s Rooms, and Sistine Chapel. With greatly appreciated help from Isabella Moro-Raineri, early arriving participants enjoyed a private visit to the Vatican Museum, Rafael’s Loggia, and the Sistine Chapel on 19 June. Raphael’s rooms were commissioned by Pope Julius II in 1512. The Sistine Chapel was built by Pope Sixtus IV between 1477 and 1489. Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel between 1508 and 1512. The chapel is famous for its fresco of the “Last Judgment” and also for nine scenes from the Book of Genesis, including the “Creation of Adam.”
Castel Sant’Angelo National Museum at the Vatican. The dinner event on 21 June, the workshop’s second evening, was held at the Castel Sant’Angelo, with a private visit to the loggia of Pope Julius II, designed by the papal architect Bramante; the apartments of Pope Paul III; and the Sala Paolina. One of ancient Rome’s largest surviving monuments, Castel Sant’Angelo was built by the Emperor Hadrian as a mausoleum for himself and his successors and was completed by Antonius Pius in 139 A.D. When the Emperor Marcus Aurelius built the vast Aurelian Wall that surrounds the city of Rome to this day, he transformed the monument into a fortress. In 1277, Pope Nicholas II connected it to the Vatican by an elevated fortified passage to provide a safe refuge for the pontiffs in case of attack. Today the Castel Sant’Angelo is a national museum. Its beautiful rooms include frescoes by Giulio Romano, Perin del Vaga, and others of the Raphael school.
The Parco dei Principi Hotel in Rome. Conveniently located near the Villa Borghese and Borghese Park, the Parco dei Principi Hotel was a perfect site for this year’s workshop. The conference facilities were excellent and we received outstanding support from the hotel’s general manager, Carla Milos, who made sure that everything ran smoothly. The workshop opened with a dinner debate moderated by General George Joulwan at the wonderful dining facilities of the Parco dei Principi and the workshop sessions were held in the hotel’s superb conference rooms. Based on our experience with the Parco dei Principi, we strongly recommend it for any high-level workshop, conference, or other events in Rome.
Workshop International Staff. This year’s workshop staff consisted of Eugene Whitlock, J.D., a graduate of Stanford University and the University of Michigan Law School; Jean Lee, who began contributing to the workshop soon after her Stanford graduation; Dr. Montse Morell (who recently completed her doctoral studies in biochemistry at the Institut de Biotecnologia I Biomedicina in Barcelona); and Dr. Ania Garlitski, M.D., also a Stanford graduate. Ania is now an M.D., a cardiologist, and an Assistant Professor at Tufts-New England Medical Center. Caroline Baylon, an economics graduate of Stanford University, was the overall director of the workshop staff. Caroline has led the staff for the last four years, and has contributed as a staff member for more than 10 years; Eugene handled workshop logistics as well as contracts and other legal issues; and Jean was responsible for the workshop’s graphics and photography, including the cover design of this book and all of the photography. Anne D. Baylon, a graduate of the University of Paris Law School who has an M.A. from Stanford, arranged a cultural program for visits by workshop spouses to Rome, with planning assistance from Federico Pellegrini, a well-known Rome guide. Together with his father and brother, who are also accomplished Rome guides, Federico brought enthusiasm and a wealth of interesting historical details to the spouses’ program in Rome, as well as to the Vatican visit by workshop participants. Without the tireless efforts and expertise of everyone on this outstanding staff, the workshop would have been difficult, if not impossible, to organize.
Workshop Publications. In addition to being a founding co-director of the Center for Strategic Decision Research (CSDR), Anne D. Baylon was responsible for the editing of these Proceedings. In her role as head of publications, Anne transcribed many of the workshop presentations, carefully edited all of them, and coordinated the editing and publication approvals with the chapter authors. In her editing role, she gratefully acknowledges the assistance and contributions of Carol Whiteley, who read and copy edited all of the chapters; Jean Lee, for her professional assistance with the photo layouts and other graphics; and Kevin Cotter, for arranging the final preparations for printing.
Acknowledgement to our “alumni.” Since this year’s workshop was our 25thth anniversary event, we would like to thank all those who have contributed to the workshop over the last two and a half decades—as workshop participants, speakers, advisory board members, sponsors, and staff members. Many of them have contributed in various ways for a decade or more. More than 30 countries have participated on an active, continued basis for most of the workshop’s history, and the approximately 1000 participants and staff members who have contributed over the years represent a substantial group of “alumni,” most of whom now occupy positions of influence in the international defense and security community. We hope that they have benefited from their involvement in this activity as we have.
Paris, France and
Menlo Park, California
November 2008